lexer.hpp

// Copyright Take Vos 2023.
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
#pragma once
 
#include "token.hpp"
#include "../utility/utility.hpp"
#include "../unicode/unicode.hpp"
#include "../char_maps/module.hpp"
#include <ranges>
#include <iterator>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <format>
#include <ostream>
 
namespace hi { inline namespace v1 {
 
struct lexer_config {
    uint16_t zero_starts_octal : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t escape_by_quote_doubling : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t has_color_literal : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t has_double_quote_string_literal : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t has_single_quote_string_literal : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t has_back_quote_string_literal : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t has_double_slash_line_comment : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t has_hash_line_comment : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t has_semicolon_line_comment : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t has_c_block_comment : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t has_sgml_block_comment : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t filter_white_space : 1 = 0;
    uint16_t filter_comment : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t has_dot_star_operator : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t has_dot_dot_operator : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t equal_is_ini_assignment : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t colon_is_ini_assignment : 1 = 0;
 
    uint16_t minus_in_identifier : 1 = 0;
 
    char digit_separator = '\0';
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static lexer_config sh_style() noexcept
    {
        auto r = lexer_config{};
        r.has_single_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_double_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_hash_line_comment = 1;
        r.filter_white_space = 1;
        r.filter_comment = 1;
        return r;
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static lexer_config json_style() noexcept
    {
        auto r = lexer_config{};
        r.has_single_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_double_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_double_slash_line_comment = 1;
        r.filter_white_space = 1;
        r.filter_comment = 1;
        return r;
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static lexer_config c_style() noexcept
    {
        auto r = lexer_config{};
        r.filter_white_space = 1;
        r.zero_starts_octal = 1;
        r.digit_separator = '\'';
        r.has_double_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_single_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_double_slash_line_comment = 1;
        r.has_c_block_comment = 1;
        r.has_dot_star_operator = 1;
        r.has_dot_dot_operator = 1;
        return r;
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static lexer_config css_style() noexcept
    {
        auto r = lexer_config{};
        r.filter_white_space = 1;
        r.filter_comment = 1;
        r.has_color_literal = 1;
        r.has_double_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_double_slash_line_comment = 1;
        r.has_c_block_comment = 1;
        r.minus_in_identifier = 1;
        return r;
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static lexer_config ini_style() noexcept
    {
        auto r = lexer_config{};
        r.filter_white_space = 1;
        r.digit_separator = '_';
        r.has_double_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_single_quote_string_literal = 1;
        r.has_semicolon_line_comment = 1;
        r.has_color_literal = 1;
        r.equal_is_ini_assignment = 1;
        return r;
    }
};
 
namespace detail {
 
template<lexer_config Config>
class lexer {
private:
    enum class state_type : uint8_t {
        idle,
        zero,
        zero_b,
        zero_B,
        zero_o,
        zero_O,
        zero_d,
        zero_D,
        zero_x,
        zero_X,
        zero_b_id,
        zero_B_id,
        zero_o_id,
        zero_O_id,
        zero_d_id,
        zero_D_id,
        zero_x_id,
        zero_X_id,
        bin_integer,
        oct_integer,
        dec_integer,
        dec_integer_found_e,
        dec_integer_found_E,
        dec_integer_found_e_id,
        dec_integer_found_E_id,
        hex_integer,
        dec_float,
        dec_float_found_e,
        dec_float_found_E,
        dec_float_found_e_id,
        dec_float_found_E_id,
        hex_float,
        dec_sign_exponent,
        hex_sign_exponent,
        dec_exponent,
        hex_exponent,
        dec_exponent_more,
        hex_exponent_more,
        color_literal,
        sqstring_literal,
        sqstring_literal_quote,
        sqstring_literal_escape,
        dqstring_literal,
        dqstring_literal_quote,
        dqstring_literal_escape,
        bqstring_literal,
        bqstring_literal_quote,
        bqstring_literal_escape,
        line_comment,
        block_comment,
        block_comment_found_star,
        block_comment_found_dash,
        block_comment_found_dash_dash,
        block_comment_found_dash_dash_fin0,
        found_colon,
        found_dot,
        found_dot_dot,
        found_eq,
        found_eq_eq,
        found_hash,
        found_lt,
        found_lt_lt,
        found_lt_bang,
        found_lt_bang_dash,
        found_lt_eq,
        found_slash,
        found_plus,
        found_minus,
        found_minus_gt,
        found_star,
        found_and,
        found_vbar,
        found_caret,
        found_percent,
        found_bang,
        found_question,
        found_tilde,
        found_gt,
        found_gt_gt,
        ini_string,
        white_space,
        identifier,
 
        _size
    };
 
    struct command_type {
        state_type next_state = state_type::idle;
 
        token::kind_type emit_token = token::none;
 
        char char_to_capture = '\0';
 
        uint8_t clear : 1 = 0;
 
        uint8_t advance : 1 = 0;
 
        uint8_t assigned : 1 = 0;
 
        uint8_t advance_line : 1 = 0;
 
        uint8_t advance_tab : 1 = 0;
    };
 
    struct clear_tag {};
    struct any_tag {};
    struct advance_tag {};
    struct capture_tag {};
 
    class excluding_tag {
    public:
        constexpr excluding_tag(std::string exclusions) noexcept : _exclusions(std::move(exclusions)) {}
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool contains(char c) const noexcept
        {
            return _exclusions.find(c) != _exclusions.npos;
        }
 
    private:
        std::string _exclusions;
    };
 
    constexpr static auto capture = capture_tag{};
 
    constexpr static auto advance = advance_tag{};
 
    constexpr static auto clear = clear_tag{};
 
    constexpr static auto any = any_tag{};
 
    template<size_t N>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr excluding_tag excluding(char const (&exclusions)[N]) noexcept
    {
        return excluding_tag{std::string(exclusions, N - 1)};
    }
 
    template<typename First, typename... Args>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static bool _has_advance_tag_argument() noexcept
    {
        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<First, advance_tag>) {
            return true;
        } else if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) == 0) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return _has_advance_tag_argument<Args...>();
        }
    }
 
    template<typename... Args>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr static bool has_advance_tag_argument() noexcept
    {
        if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) == 0) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return _has_advance_tag_argument<Args...>();
        }
    }
 
public:
    constexpr lexer() noexcept : _transition_table()
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        add(idle, '/', found_slash, advance, capture);
        add(idle, '<', found_lt, advance, capture);
        add(idle, '#', found_hash, advance, capture);
        add(idle, '.', found_dot, advance, capture);
        add(idle, '=', found_eq, advance, capture);
        add(idle, ':', found_colon, advance, capture);
 
        add(found_slash, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_lt, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_hash, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_dot, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_eq, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_colon, any, idle, token::other);
 
        // Adds the starters "\"'`"
        add_string_literals();
 
        // Adds the starters "0123456789"
        add_number_literals();
 
        add_color_literal();
        add_comments();
        add_white_space();
        add_identifier();
        add_ini_assignment();
        add_others();
 
        // All unused entries of the idle state are unexpected characters.
        for (uint8_t i = 0; i != 128; ++i) {
            auto& command = get_command(idle, char_cast<char>(i));
            if (not command.assigned) {
                command.assigned = 1;
                command.advance = 1;
                // If there are actual null characters in the string then nothing gets captured.
                command.char_to_capture = char_cast<char>(i);
                command.emit_token = token::error_unexepected_character;
                command.next_state = idle;
            }
        }
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr command_type& get_command(state_type from, char c) noexcept
    {
        return _transition_table[std::to_underlying(from) * 128_uz + char_cast<size_t>(c)];
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr command_type const& get_command(state_type from, char c) const noexcept
    {
        return _transition_table[std::to_underlying(from) * 128_uz + char_cast<size_t>(c)];
    }
 
    struct proxy {
        using value_type = token;
        using reference = value_type const&;
 
        value_type _v;
 
        reference operator*() const noexcept
        {
            return _v;
        }
    };
 
    template<typename It, std::sentinel_for<It> ItEnd>
    struct iterator {
    public:
        using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
        using value_type = token;
        using reference = value_type const&;
        using pointer = value_type const *;
        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
 
        constexpr iterator(lexer const *lexer, It first, ItEnd last) noexcept :
            _lexer(lexer), _first(first), _last(last), _it(first)
        {
            _cp = advance();
            do {
                _token.kind = parse_token();
            } while (is_token_filtered(_token));
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr static bool is_token_filtered(token x) noexcept
        {
            return (Config.filter_white_space and x == token::ws) or (Config.filter_comment and x == token::lcomment) or
                (Config.filter_comment and x == token::bcomment);
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept
        {
            return _token;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept
        {
            return std::addressof(_token);
        }
 
        constexpr iterator& operator++() noexcept
        {
            hi_axiom(*this != std::default_sentinel);
            do {
                _token.kind = parse_token();
            } while (is_token_filtered(_token));
            return *this;
        }
 
        constexpr proxy operator++(int) noexcept
        {
            auto r = proxy{**this};
            ++(*this);
            return r;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(std::default_sentinel_t) const noexcept
        {
            return _token.kind == token::none;
        }
 
    private:
        lexer const *_lexer;
        It _first;
        ItEnd _last;
        It _it;
        char32_t _cp = 0;
        token _token;
        state_type _state = state_type::idle;
        size_t _line_nr = 0;
        size_t _column_nr = 0;
 
        constexpr void clear() noexcept
        {
            _token.capture.clear();
        }
 
        constexpr void capture(char code_point) noexcept
        {
            _token.capture.push_back(code_point);
        }
 
        constexpr void capture(char32_t code_point) noexcept
        {
            hi_axiom(code_point < 0x7fff'ffff);
 
            auto out_it = std::back_inserter(_token.capture);
            char_map<"utf-8">{}.write(code_point, out_it);
        }
 
        constexpr void advance_counters() noexcept
        {
            if (_cp == '\n' or _cp == '\v' or _cp == '\f' or _cp == '\x85' or _cp == U'\u2028' or _cp == U'\u2029') {
                ++_line_nr;
            } else if (_cp == '\t') {
                _column_nr /= 8;
                ++_column_nr;
                _column_nr *= 8;
            } else {
                ++_column_nr;
            }
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr char32_t advance() noexcept
        {
            if (_it == _last) {
                return 0xffff'ffff;
            }
 
            hilet[code_point, valid] = char_map<"utf-8">{}.read(_it, _last);
            return code_point;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr token::kind_type parse_token_unicode_identifier() noexcept
        {
            switch (ucd_get_lexical_class(_cp & 0x1f'ffff)) {
            case unicode_lexical_class::id_start:
            case unicode_lexical_class::id_continue:
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::none;
 
            default:
                if (Config.minus_in_identifier and _cp == '-') {
                    capture(_cp);
                    advance_counters();
                    _cp = advance();
                    return token::none;
 
                } else {
                    _state = state_type::idle;
                    return token::id;
                }
            }
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr token::kind_type parse_token_unicode_line_comment() noexcept
        {
            hilet cp_ = _cp & 0x1f'ffff;
            if (cp_ == U'\u0085' or cp_ == U'\u2028' or cp_ == U'\u2029') {
                _state = state_type::idle;
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::lcomment;
 
            } else {
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::none;
            }
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr token::kind_type parse_token_unicode_white_space() noexcept
        {
            if (ucd_get_lexical_class(_cp & 0x1f'ffff) == unicode_lexical_class::white_space) {
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::none;
 
            } else {
                _state = state_type::idle;
                return token::ws;
            }
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr token::kind_type parse_token_unicode_idle() noexcept
        {
            switch (ucd_get_lexical_class(_cp & 0x1f'ffff)) {
            case unicode_lexical_class::id_start:
                _state = state_type::identifier;
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::none;
 
            case unicode_lexical_class::white_space:
                _state = state_type::white_space;
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::none;
 
            case unicode_lexical_class::syntax:
                _state = state_type::idle;
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::other;
 
            default:
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::error_unexepected_character;
            }
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] hi_no_inline constexpr token::kind_type parse_token_unicode() noexcept
        {
            using enum state_type;
 
            // Unicode by-pass.
            switch (_state) {
            case idle:
                return parse_token_unicode_idle();
 
            case white_space:
                return parse_token_unicode_white_space();
 
            case line_comment:
                return parse_token_unicode_line_comment();
 
            case identifier:
                return parse_token_unicode_identifier();
 
            case dqstring_literal:
            case sqstring_literal:
            case bqstring_literal:
            case block_comment:
                capture(_cp);
                advance_counters();
                _cp = advance();
                return token::none;
 
            case ini_string:
                // Line-feeds will terminate an ini-string.
                if (_cp == U'\u0085' or _cp == U'\u2028' or _cp == U'\u2029') {
                    return token::istr;
                } else {
                    capture(_cp);
                    advance_counters();
                    _cp = advance();
                    return token::none;
                }
 
            default:
                // Most tokens are terminated when a non-ascii code-point is found.
                // Terminate these tokens as if we reached end-of-file.
                return process_command();
            }
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr token::kind_type process_command(char c = '\0') noexcept
        {
            hilet command = _lexer->get_command(_state, c);
            _state = command.next_state;
 
            if (command.clear) {
                clear();
            }
 
            if (command.char_to_capture != '\0') {
                capture(command.char_to_capture);
            }
 
            if (command.advance) {
                if (command.advance_line) {
                    ++_line_nr;
                    _column_nr = 0;
                } else if (command.advance_tab) {
                    _column_nr /= 8;
                    ++_column_nr;
                    _column_nr *= 8;
                } else {
                    ++_column_nr;
                }
                _cp = advance();
            }
 
            return command.emit_token;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr token::kind_type parse_token() noexcept
        {
            _token.line_nr = _line_nr;
            _token.column_nr = _column_nr;
            clear();
 
            while (_cp <= 0x7fff'ffff) {
                if (_cp <= 0x7f) {
                    if (auto token_kind = process_command(char_cast<char>(_cp)); token_kind != token::none) {
                        return token_kind;
                    }
 
                } else {
                    auto emit_token = parse_token_unicode();
                    if (emit_token != token::none) {
                        return emit_token;
                    }
                }
            }
 
            // Handle trailing state changes at end-of-file.
            while (_state != state_type::idle) {
                if (auto token_kind = process_command(); token_kind != token::none) {
                    return token_kind;
                }
            }
 
            // We have finished parsing and there was no token captured.
            // For example when the end of file only contains white-space.
            return token::none;
        }
    };
 
    static_assert(std::movable<iterator<std::string::iterator, std::string::iterator>>);
    static_assert(
        std::is_same_v<std::iterator_traits<iterator<std::string::iterator, std::string::iterator>>::value_type, token>);
    static_assert(std::input_or_output_iterator<iterator<std::string::iterator, std::string::iterator>>);
    static_assert(std::weakly_incrementable<iterator<std::string::iterator, std::string::iterator>>);
 
    template<typename It, std::sentinel_for<It> ItEnd>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr iterator<It, ItEnd> parse(It first, ItEnd last) const noexcept
    {
        return iterator<It, ItEnd>{this, first, last};
    }
 
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto parse(std::string_view str) const noexcept
    {
        return parse(str.begin(), str.end());
    }
 
private:
    using transition_table_type = std::array<command_type, std::to_underlying(state_type::_size) * 128>;
 
    transition_table_type _transition_table;
 
    constexpr void add_string_literal(
        char c,
        token::kind_type string_token,
        state_type string_literal,
        state_type string_literal_quote,
        state_type string_literal_escape) noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        add(idle, c, string_literal, advance);
        add(string_literal, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_string);
        for (uint8_t i = 1; i != 128; ++i) {
            if (char_cast<char>(i) != c and char_cast<char>(i) != '\\') {
                add(string_literal, char_cast<char>(i), string_literal, advance, capture);
            }
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.escape_by_quote_doubling) {
            // Don't capture the first quote.
            add(string_literal, c, string_literal_quote, advance);
            // If quote is not doubled, this is the end of the string.
            add(string_literal_quote, any, idle, string_token);
            // Capture one quote of a doubled quote.
            add(string_literal_quote, c, string_literal, advance, capture);
        } else {
            // Quote ends the string.
            add(string_literal, c, idle, advance, string_token);
        }
 
        // Make sure that any escaped character sequence stays inside the string literal.
        add(string_literal, '\\', string_literal_escape, advance, capture);
        add(string_literal_escape, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_string);
        for (uint8_t i = 1; i != 128; ++i) {
            add(string_literal_escape, char_cast<char>(i), string_literal, advance, capture);
        }
    }
 
    constexpr void add_string_literals() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_single_quote_string_literal) {
            add_string_literal('\'', token::sstr, sqstring_literal, sqstring_literal_quote, sqstring_literal_escape);
        } else {
            add(idle, '\'', idle, token::other, advance, capture);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_double_quote_string_literal) {
            add_string_literal('"', token::dstr, dqstring_literal, dqstring_literal_quote, dqstring_literal_escape);
        } else {
            add(idle, '"', idle, token::other, advance, capture);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_back_quote_string_literal) {
            add_string_literal('`', token::bstr, bqstring_literal, bqstring_literal_quote, bqstring_literal_escape);
        } else {
            add(idle, '`', idle, token::other, advance, capture);
        }
    }
 
    constexpr void add_number_literals() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        add(idle, "0", zero, advance, capture);
        add(idle, "123456789", dec_integer, advance, capture);
 
        add(zero, any, idle, token::integer);
        add(zero, ".", dec_float, advance, capture);
        add(zero, "b", zero_b, advance);
        add(zero, "B", zero_B, advance);
        add(zero, "o", zero_o, advance);
        add(zero, "O", zero_O, advance);
        add(zero, "d", zero_d, advance);
        add(zero, "D", zero_D, advance);
        add(zero, "x", zero_x, advance);
        add(zero, "X", zero_X, advance);
 
        add(zero_b, any, zero_b_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_B, any, zero_B_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_o, any, zero_o_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_O, any, zero_O_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_d, any, zero_d_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_D, any, zero_D_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_x, any, zero_x_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_X, any, zero_X_id, token::integer);
        add(zero_b, "0123456789", bin_integer, 'b');
        add(zero_B, "0123456789", bin_integer, 'B');
        add(zero_o, "0123456789", oct_integer, 'o');
        add(zero_O, "0123456789", oct_integer, 'O');
        add(zero_d, "0123456789", dec_integer, 'd');
        add(zero_D, "0123456789", dec_integer, 'D');
        add(zero_x, "0123456789.", hex_integer, 'x');
        add(zero_X, "0123456789.", hex_integer, 'X');
 
        add(zero_b_id, any, identifier, 'b');
        add(zero_B_id, any, identifier, 'B');
        add(zero_o_id, any, identifier, 'o');
        add(zero_O_id, any, identifier, 'O');
        add(zero_d_id, any, identifier, 'd');
        add(zero_D_id, any, identifier, 'D');
        add(zero_x_id, any, identifier, 'x');
        add(zero_X_id, any, identifier, 'X');
 
        if constexpr (Config.zero_starts_octal) {
            add(zero, "01234567", oct_integer, advance, capture);
            add(zero, "89", idle, token::error_invalid_digit);
        } else {
            add(zero, "0123456789", dec_integer, advance, capture);
        }
 
        // binary-integer
        add(bin_integer, any, idle, token::integer);
        add(bin_integer, "01", bin_integer, advance, capture);
        add(bin_integer, "23456789", idle, token::error_invalid_digit);
 
        // octal-integer
        add(oct_integer, any, idle, token::integer);
        add(oct_integer, "01234567", oct_integer, advance, capture);
        add(oct_integer, "89", idle, token::error_invalid_digit);
 
        // decimal-integer
        add(dec_integer, any, idle, token::integer);
        add(dec_integer, "0123456789", dec_integer, advance, capture);
        add(dec_integer, ".", dec_float, advance, capture);
        add(dec_integer, "e", dec_integer_found_e, advance);
        add(dec_integer, "E", dec_integer_found_E, advance);
        add(dec_integer_found_e, any, dec_integer_found_e_id, token::integer);
        add(dec_integer_found_E, any, dec_integer_found_E_id, token::integer);
        add(dec_integer_found_e, "+-0123456789", dec_sign_exponent, 'e');
        add(dec_integer_found_E, "+-0123456789", dec_sign_exponent, 'E');
        add(dec_integer_found_e_id, any, identifier, 'e');
        add(dec_integer_found_E_id, any, identifier, 'E');
 
        // hexadecimal-integer
        add(hex_integer, any, idle, token::integer);
        add(hex_integer, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", hex_integer, advance, capture);
        add(hex_integer, ".", hex_float, advance, capture);
        add(hex_integer, "pP", hex_sign_exponent, advance, capture);
 
        // decimal-float
        add(found_dot, "0123456789eE", dec_float);
        add(dec_float, any, idle, token::real);
        add(dec_float, "0123456789", dec_float, advance, capture);
        add(dec_float, "e", dec_float_found_e, advance);
        add(dec_float, "E", dec_float_found_E, advance);
        add(dec_float_found_e, any, dec_float_found_e_id, token::real);
        add(dec_float_found_E, any, dec_float_found_E_id, token::real);
        add(dec_float_found_e, "+-0123456789", dec_sign_exponent, 'e');
        add(dec_float_found_E, "+-0123456789", dec_sign_exponent, 'E');
        add(dec_float_found_e_id, any, identifier, 'e');
        add(dec_float_found_E_id, any, identifier, 'E');
 
        add(dec_sign_exponent, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_exponent);
        add(dec_sign_exponent, "0123456789", dec_exponent_more, advance, capture);
        add(dec_sign_exponent, "+-", dec_exponent, advance, capture);
        add(dec_exponent, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_exponent);
        add(dec_exponent, "0123456789", dec_exponent_more, advance, capture);
        add(dec_exponent_more, any, idle, token::real);
        add(dec_exponent_more, "0123456789", dec_exponent_more, advance, capture);
 
        // hexadecimal-float
        add(hex_float, any, idle, token::real);
        add(hex_float, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", hex_float, advance, capture);
        add(hex_float, "pP", hex_sign_exponent, advance, capture);
        add(hex_sign_exponent, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_exponent);
        add(hex_sign_exponent, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", hex_exponent_more, advance, capture);
        add(hex_sign_exponent, "+-", hex_exponent, advance, capture);
        add(hex_exponent, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_exponent);
        add(hex_exponent, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", hex_exponent_more, advance, capture);
        add(hex_exponent_more, any, idle, token::real);
        add(hex_exponent_more, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", hex_exponent_more, advance, capture);
 
        if constexpr (Config.digit_separator != '\0') {
            if constexpr (Config.zero_starts_octal) {
                add(zero, Config.digit_separator, oct_integer, advance);
            } else {
                add(zero, Config.digit_separator, dec_integer, advance);
            }
            add(bin_integer, Config.digit_separator, bin_integer, advance);
            add(oct_integer, Config.digit_separator, oct_integer, advance);
            add(dec_integer, Config.digit_separator, dec_integer, advance);
            add(hex_integer, Config.digit_separator, hex_integer, advance);
            add(dec_float, Config.digit_separator, dec_integer, advance);
            add(hex_float, Config.digit_separator, dec_integer, advance);
            add(dec_exponent, Config.digit_separator, dec_integer, advance);
            add(hex_exponent, Config.digit_separator, dec_integer, advance);
        }
    }
 
    constexpr void add_color_literal() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_color_literal) {
            add(found_hash, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", color_literal, clear, capture, advance);
            add(color_literal, any, idle, token::color);
            add(color_literal, "0123456789abcdefABCDEF", color_literal, advance, capture);
        }
    }
 
    constexpr void add_ini_assignment() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        if constexpr (Config.equal_is_ini_assignment) {
            // Ignore white-space
            add(found_eq, " \t", found_eq, advance);
            add(found_eq, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_", ini_string, token::other);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.colon_is_ini_assignment) {
            // Ignore white-space
            add(found_colon, " \t", found_colon, advance);
            add(found_colon, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_", ini_string, token::other);
        }
 
        add(ini_string, any, idle, token::istr);
        add(ini_string, excluding("\n\v\f\r\0"), ini_string, advance, capture);
        add(ini_string, '\r', ini_string, advance);
    }
 
    constexpr void add_comments() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_double_slash_line_comment) {
            add(found_slash, '/', line_comment, clear, advance);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_semicolon_line_comment) {
            add(idle, ';', line_comment, advance);
        } else {
            add(idle, ';', idle, token::other, capture, advance);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_hash_line_comment) {
            add(found_hash, excluding("\0"), line_comment, clear, advance, capture);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_c_block_comment) {
            add(found_slash, '*', block_comment, advance, clear);
        }
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_sgml_block_comment) {
            add(found_lt, '!', found_lt_bang, advance);
            add(found_lt_bang, any, idle, token::error_after_lt_bang);
            add(found_lt_bang, '-', found_lt_bang_dash, advance);
            add(found_lt_bang_dash, any, idle, token::error_after_lt_bang);
            add(found_lt_bang_dash, '-', block_comment, advance);
        }
 
        add(line_comment, any, idle, token::lcomment);
        add(line_comment, excluding("\r\n\f\v\0"), line_comment, advance, capture);
 
        add(line_comment, '\r', line_comment, advance);
        add(line_comment, "\n\f\v", idle, advance, token::lcomment);
 
        add(block_comment, any, idle, token::error_incomplete_comment);
 
        static_assert(Config.has_c_block_comment == 0 or Config.has_sgml_block_comment == 0);
 
        if constexpr (Config.has_c_block_comment) {
            add(block_comment, excluding("*\0"), block_comment, advance, capture);
            add(block_comment, '*', block_comment_found_star, advance);
            add(block_comment_found_star, any, block_comment, '*');
            add(block_comment_found_star, '/', idle, advance, token::bcomment);
 
        } else if constexpr (Config.has_sgml_block_comment) {
            add(block_comment, excluding("-\0"), block_comment, advance, capture);
            add(block_comment, '-', block_comment_found_dash, advance);
            add(block_comment_found_dash, any, block_comment, '-');
            add(block_comment_found_dash, '-', block_comment_found_dash_dash, advance);
            add(block_comment_found_dash_dash, any, block_comment_found_dash_dash_fin0, '-');
            add(block_comment_found_dash_dash_fin0, any, block_comment, '-');
            add(block_comment_found_dash_dash, '>', idle, advance, token::bcomment);
        }
    }
 
    constexpr void add_white_space() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        add(idle, '\r', white_space, advance);
        add(idle, " \n\t\v\f", white_space, advance, capture);
        add(white_space, any, idle, token::ws);
        add(white_space, '\r', white_space, advance);
        add(white_space, " \n\t\v\f", white_space, advance, capture);
    }
 
    constexpr void add_identifier() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        add(idle, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_", identifier, advance, capture);
        add(identifier, any, idle, token::id);
        add(identifier, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_0123456789", identifier, advance, capture);
        if constexpr (Config.minus_in_identifier) {
            add(identifier, '-', identifier, advance, capture);
        }
    }
 
    constexpr void add_others() noexcept
    {
        using enum state_type;
 
        // The following characters MUST only exists as single character operators.
        add(idle, "()[]{},@$\\", idle, token::other, capture, advance);
 
        // The following characters are the first character of a potential multi-character operator.
        add(idle, '+', found_plus, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '-', found_minus, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '*', found_star, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '&', found_and, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '|', found_vbar, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '^', found_caret, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '%', found_percent, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '!', found_bang, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '?', found_question, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '~', found_tilde, advance, capture); 
        add(idle, '>', found_gt, advance, capture); 
 
        add(found_plus, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_minus, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_star, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_and, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_vbar, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_caret, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_percent, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_bang, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_question, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_tilde, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_gt, any, idle, token::other);
 
        // The following characters are the second character of a potential multi-character operator.
        add(found_colon, ':', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ::
        if constexpr (Config.has_dot_star_operator) {
            add(found_dot, '*', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // .*
        }
        if constexpr (Config.has_dot_dot_operator) {
            add(found_dot, '.', found_dot_dot, advance, capture); // ..
        }
        add(found_plus, "+=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ++, +=
        add(found_minus, "-=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // --, -=
        add(found_minus, '>', found_minus_gt, advance, capture); // ->
        add(found_star, "*=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // **, *=
        if constexpr (not Config.has_double_slash_line_comment) {
            add(found_slash, '/', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // //
        }
        add(found_slash, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // /=
        add(found_and, "&=+-*", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // &&, &=, &+, &-, &*
        add(found_vbar, "|=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ||, |=
        add(found_caret, "^=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ^^, ^=
        add(found_percent, "%=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // %%, %=
        add(found_bang, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // !=
        add(found_question, "?=", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ??, ?=
        add(found_tilde, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ~=
        add(found_lt, '=', found_lt_eq, advance, capture); // <=
        add(found_lt, '<', found_lt_lt, advance, capture); // <<
        add(found_gt, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // >=
        add(found_gt, '>', found_gt_gt, advance, capture); // >>
        add(found_eq, '=', found_eq_eq, advance, capture); // ==
 
        add(found_minus_gt, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_dot_dot, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_lt_eq, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_lt_lt, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_gt_gt, any, idle, token::other);
        add(found_eq_eq, any, idle, token::other);
 
        // The following characters are the third character of a potential multi-character operator.
        add(found_minus_gt, '*', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ->*
        add(found_dot_dot, ".<", idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ..., ..<
        add(found_lt_eq, '>', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // <=>
        add(found_lt_lt, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // <<=
        add(found_gt_gt, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // >>=
        add(found_eq_eq, '=', idle, advance, capture, token::other); // ===
    }
 
    constexpr command_type& _add(state_type from, char c, state_type to) noexcept
    {
        auto& command = get_command(from, c);
        command.next_state = to;
        command.char_to_capture = '\0';
        command.advance = 0;
        command.advance_line = 0;
        command.advance_tab = 0;
        command.clear = 0;
        command.emit_token = token::none;
        return command;
    }
 
    template<typename First, typename... Args>
    constexpr command_type& _add(state_type from, char c, state_type to, First first, Args const&...args) noexcept
    {
        auto& command = _add(from, c, to, args...);
        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<First, token::kind_type>) {
            command.emit_token = first;
 
        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<First, advance_tag>) {
            command.advance = 1;
            if (c == '\n' or c == '\v' or c == '\f') {
                command.advance_line = 1;
            } else if (c == '\t') {
                command.advance_tab = 1;
            }
 
        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<First, clear_tag>) {
            command.clear = 1;
 
        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<First, capture_tag>) {
            command.char_to_capture = c;
 
        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<First, char>) {
            command.char_to_capture = first;
 
        } else {
            hi_static_no_default();
        }
 
        return command;
    }
 
    template<typename... Args>
    constexpr void add(state_type from, char c, state_type to, Args const&...args) noexcept
    {
        auto& command = _add(from, c, to, args...);
        hi_assert(not command.assigned, "Overwriting an already assigned state:char combination.");
        command.assigned = true;
    }
 
    template<typename... Args>
    constexpr void add(state_type from, std::string_view str, state_type to, Args const&...args) noexcept
    {
        for (auto c : str) {
            auto& command = _add(from, c, to, args...);
            hi_assert(not command.assigned, "Overwriting an already assigned state:char combination.");
            command.assigned = true;
        }
    }
 
    template<typename... Args>
    constexpr void add(state_type from, any_tag, state_type to, Args const&...args) noexcept
    {
        static_assert(not has_advance_tag_argument<Args...>(), "any should not advance");
 
        for (uint8_t c = 0; c != 128; ++c) {
            hilet& command = _add(from, char_cast<char>(c), to, args...);
            hi_assert(not command.assigned, "any should be added first to a state");
        }
    }
 
    template<typename... Args>
    constexpr void add(state_type from, excluding_tag const& exclusions, state_type to, Args const&...args) noexcept
    {
        for (uint8_t c = 0; c != 128; ++c) {
            if (not exclusions.contains(char_cast<char>(c))) {
                auto& command = _add(from, char_cast<char>(c), to, args...);
                hi_assert(not command.assigned, "Overwriting an already assigned state:char combination.");
                command.assigned = true;
            }
        }
    }
};
 
} // namespace detail
 
template<lexer_config Config>
constexpr auto lexer = detail::lexer<Config>();
 
}} // namespace hi::v1